System-wide Concepts

Bab 3

System-wide Concepts

·            Lesson Overview

This lesson focuses on the system-wide concepts that underlie the SAP system. These concepts, organizational elements, master data, and transaction, are the basic elements designed and utilized to represent a company’s enterprise structure and business processes within SAP system. Following are brief descriptions of the concepts that will be discussed in more detail in this lesson

·         Master Data

Created centerally and available to all applications and all authorized users, master data also has an orgazational aspect because its information is organized into views that are assigned to organizational elements

·         Transaction

Transaction are application programs that execute business processes in the SAP system. Examples include create sales order, change customer master, or display a sales order’s list report

·         Lesson Objectives

After completing this lesson, you will be able to :

-          State the purpose of an orgazational element in the SAP system

-          Explain the purpose of master data in the SAP system

-         Explain the purpose of transactions in SAP training

-          Explain the use of IDES

·         Business examples

Processes within a company generally take place across departmental boundaries. In global companies, these processes take place across national and company boundaries. In global companies, these processes take place across national and company boundaries. The long-term success of IDES AG, is dependent on collaboration with business partners and a global outlook. IDES wants new orders from customers entered into the SAP system with minimal data entry and maximum data accuracy. IDES must also have a record of all transactions.

·         Organizational Elements

A company’s enterprise structure is mapped to SAP application using organizational elements

-          Client

The client is the highest-level element of all organizational elements ; it  respresents the enterprise/headquarters group

-          Company Code

The company code is a legal independent accounting unit representing the central organizational elements of financial accounting. The company code also represents the tax law (national) view of the company, the fiscal calendar, the local currency, and the tax reporting requirements

-         Plant

A plant can manufacture product, distribute product, or provide a service it is the central organizational unit of production

-          Storage location

Material stocks in inventory management can be differentiated within one plant according to storage location

-          Sales organization

The sales organization is the central organizational element in sales order management that controls the terms of sale to the customer

-          Distribution channel

Distribution channels can be used to define how different products reach consumers, for examples, wholesale

-          Organizational unit

Organizational units describe the various business units that exist in an enterprise. Often unis are loosely defined as functional or regional departments

-          Position

Positions are the individual employee assignments in the enterprise

IDES

IDES (International Demonstration and Educational System) is an international company dependent upon collaborations with external business partners and a global outlook.

IDES AG is a manufacturing company. It operates worldwide and has a number of subsidiaries. This company’s processes are using during this training course to demonstrate the solutions provided by SAP

As a model company, IDES has a large number of business branches and branch-spesific subsidiaries. Business processes are fully set up and include all core areas such as purchaising, sales, marketing, and manufacturing

The scenario for the IDES is described in detail below.

As an international company, IDES has several holdings and requires the ability to report ot shareholders on an international bases. Mangement’s goal over the next year is to increase profits. Costing analysis reports, cash management reports, and oberhead cost reports are to be captured to a business intelligence system for management review.

IDES AG produces many products. Products are manufacturaed at a number of production locations worldwide. Global planning ansures that deliveries are made from the nearest distribution center

·         System-Wide Master Data Concepts

In SAP master data is created centrally and available to all applications and all authorized users. Centeraly stored master data means data records are always consistent, up-to-date, and free of redundancy. Master data also has an organizational aspect because its information is organized into views that are assigned to organizational elements. The three-part structure of master records makes it possible to flexibly depict the various organizational structure of an operation

·            Customer Master

 A customer master contains key information that defines the business relationship between a company and its customer. The cutomer master’s “three-part structure” is represented by :

1. General data: this data is equally relevant to every company code and every sales organization within a company.
2. Data for company codes: this data reflects company-specific agreements with the customer
3. Data for sales : this data has different characteristics for a company’s sales organizations and channels

·         Material Master

The material master contains all of the key information a company needs to manage a material within its organization. the material master defines, among other things how a product is sold, manufactured, purchased, inventoried, accounted, and costed.

·         Personnel File

Personnel files are master data records used primarily mySAP ERP Human Capital Management. These master records follow the same basic three-part structure, as do other master records. Personnel files are master data records used primarily mySAP ERP Human Capital Management. These master records follow the same basic three-part structure, as do other master records. The organizational elements used by mySAP HCM are unique and, as a group, they are referred to as organizational management. The function of organizational management enable you to quickly and efficiently map your current organizational and reporting structure with its organizational objects - organizational units, jobs, positions, and tasks.

·         Organizational units

Describe the various business units that exist in your enterprise. Organizational units can be loosely defined as functional or regional departements, or as project groups, depending on the type of organization

·         Jobs

Jobs serve as description, or templates, that apply to several positions with similar requirements, tasks, or other characteristics

·         Positions

Positions are the individual employee assignments in the enterprise. Person occupy positions. A position inherits a job’s characteristics, but you can also define additional characteristics specific to that position.

·         Persons

Persons hold positions within the organizational structure. Persons represent employees in your company

·         Transaction

Transactions are application programs that execute business processes in the SAP system. Whenever possible, master data is copied suring transaction processing, thus avoiding re-entry of data. in addition, when performing each transaction, applicable organizational elements must be entered. Whenever a transaction is executed in the system, a document is created . That document, a data record of the transaction, contains all of the relevant predefined information from the master data and organizational elements